Sabtu, 04 Oktober 2014

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

1.  Definitions of Active and Passive Voice   
  
1.1  Definition of active voice.
            Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English. In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.

[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

Examples:








1.2  Definition of passive voice.
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
To recognize that a sentence is in passive voice, watch out for these keywords: 
  • be, is, are, a, was, were, has been, have been, will be, being
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

Examples: 








source : http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html

2. Table of passive and active voice



ACTIVE VOICE
PASSIVE VOICE
Simple present
S + V (-s/-es) + O
O + is/am/are + V3 + S

She opens the door
The door is opened by her
Present continuous
S + is/am/are + Ving + O
O + is/am/are + being + V3 + S

She is opening the door
The door is being opened by her
Present perfect
S+has/have+V3+O
O+has/have been+V3+S

She has opened the door
The door has been opened by her
Simple past
S+V2+O
O+was/were+V3+S

She opened the door
The door was opened by her
Past perfect
S+had+V3+O
O+had been+O+S

She had opened the door
The door had been opened by her
Future
S+will/shall+V1+O
O+will/shall+be+V3+S

She will open the door
The door will be opened by her


Identifying the active and the passive voice on an article.


Negative Effects of Internet on Children
Numerous studies over the years have pointed out that internet has had a negative effect on children. It is important therefore, that children are guided on using the internet effectively. In this article, we will take a look at the factors that make internet a threat for our children.

Internet has proved to be one of the most innovative inventions for us. It has made its presence felt in every sphere of our life, be it economy, society, health care, spirituality, etc. Prominent among its benefits is the impact it has had on the education sector. Students can now gain access to innumerable research papers, apart from getting latest updates in the field of science and technology. But as they say, "With great power comes great responsibility", Internet has created new challenges for the society and most threatening among these is the impact it has had on children. Internet addiction has been recognized as a disorder in many countries and rehabilitation centers have been created to help people to get over it. The sad part of this whole phenomenon is that a large proportion of Internet addicts are youngsters, who are extremely vulnerable to its ill-effects. There are several advantages and disadvantages of Internet but in this article, we will focus on its negative effects.

Internet and Children

Internet Addiction Disorder
Although studies on this disorder are in preliminary stages, it has been established that children who spend most of their time on the Internet, show a peculiar kind of behavior which is marked by an urge to be on the Internet all the time, so much that the child may shun all activities and become immersed in the virtual world. Surveys conducted over the years have found that most people who suffer from Internet addiction disorder are young adults, who easily fall into the lure of exploring everything that is available on the Internet. In America alone, it has been estimated that around 10-15 million people are suffering from Internet addiction disorder, and this is increasing at the rate of 25% every year.

Reduced Physical Activity
There are a host of games that are available on the Internet and this has made most children to shun all outdoor activity. In the absence of physical activity, children can easily fall prey to a lot of lifestyle related diseases such as obesity, apart from failing to develop interpersonal skills. Apart from these factors, sitting continuously in front of a computer screen can seriously damage our eyes, and put a strain on our neck and shoulders. Children are in their developing years and these factors can create life-long problems for them. 

Easy Access to Pornography
this is one of the greatest threats Internet poses to children. Internet has provided an easy medium to children to gain access to pornography and this can cause them to either become sexually-deviant or sexually-addictive. This phenomenon has also caused another problem, and that is the increase in prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in children. According to reports, one out of every four teenagers gets infected with a STD every year. The adult content that is present on the Internet promotes irresponsible sex and creates false notions in the minds of students.

Vulnerability to Cyber Crime
If you have been following news lately then you must know what we are referring to. Children have been lured by pedophiles posing as good Samaritans and have been physically abused and molested. Internet has also made it easy for unscrupulous elements to get in touch with children and this has led to an increase in the cases of kidnapping and identity thefts. About 60% young teens in the United States have admitted to responding to messages from strangers. This kind of behavior is extremely risky and has made children extremely vulnerable to become victims of cyber-crime.

The points mentioned above have posed new challenges to teachers and parents. There are demands from various quarters that there should be some sort of regulation to check this issue. However, we believe that instead of making Internet a taboo, we should educate children to use it for their benefit. It is advisable for parents to monitor how much time their children spend on the Internet, and if possible set a time-limit till which they would be allowed to use the Internet. Having the computer in the living-room instead of a child's bedroom can also ensure censorship on what they are accessing on the Internet. It is also important that you talk to them about 'the birds and the bees' because if you do not talk to them, they will turn to their friends and Internet for answers which may not provide authentic information.

Although, this article is focused on the negative effects of internet, it in no way means that we are undermining the importance of Internet in our lives. We have written this article for the Internet audience, and you are reading it through the Internet, which itself explains the positive side of Internet usage. It is for us to decide whether we use technology for the betterment of our lives or put it to unabated abuse. Children may not be mature enough to understand this, but we as parents, teachers and guardians need to ensure that we inculcate the right behavior in our children.



ACTIVE VOICE

1. The points mentioned above have posed new challenges to teachers and parents.
  • This sentence includes active voice, because this sentence it contains S+V2+O or we can say “simple past tense”. The subject is ”The points”, comes before the verb “mentioned”. 
2. In this article, we will take a look at the factors that make internet a threat for our children.
  • It is an active voice because it has form S+will/shall+V1+O that is "future". the subject is "we" then there is "will" and the verb is "take".
3. Internet has provided an easy medium to children to gain access to pornography and this can cause them to either become sexually-deviant or sexually-addictive.
  • The sentence above contains active voice because  the tense of sentence. is simple present perfect ( S+has/have+V3+O ). the subject is "Internet" and the verb is provided, then, there is an object.
4. Internet has created new challenges for the society and most threatening among these is the impact it has had on children. 
  • This sentence also uses present perfect because it has subject “internet” and the verb 3 “created” ( S+has/have+V3+O ) 
5. Internet has proved to be one of the most innovative inventions for us.
  • This sentence has subject “internet” and the verb 3 “proved”. The subject comes before the verb. The pattern of simple present perfect is subject + has/have + past participle. Therefore, the sentence above is active voice.

PASSIVE VOICE

1. Internet addiction has been recognized as a disorder in many countries.
  • We can see that this sentence is in passive voice because the keyword is has been recognized. Then, there is past participle after the be. So, the tense is present perfect ( O+has/have been+V3+S )
2. Although studies on this disorder are in preliminary stages, it has been established that children who spend most of their time on the Internet, show a peculiar kind of behavior which is marked by an urge to be on the Internet all the time
  • In this sentence, we can define that it includes passive voice. the subject is "studies on this disorder are in preliminary stage" because of the verb form used when the subject of a sentence is affected by the action and the key is the children who be the subject after "that". The tense is present perfect.
3. In America alone, it has been estimated that around 10-15 million people are suffering from Internet addiction disorder, and this is increasing at the rate of 25% every year.
  • The sentence is also a passive sentence because it has a subject "In America alone" who does an action. it is present perfect tense because there is has/have been + v3 "has been estimated"

4. Children have been lured by pedophiles posing as good Samaritans and have been physically abused and molested. 
  • The sentence above is also identified as a passive voice. Just like what we read before that the form of passive voice is be + past participle. The subject is Children. The v3 is lured and it is also followed with be "have been". So, the tense of sentence above is simple present perfect.
5. Although, this article is focused on the negative effects of internet, it in no way means that we are undermining the importance of Internet in our lives.
  • We can see that the sentence is passive voice. the rule is be + past participle. The be "is" and v3 is focused, on the negative effect of internet is the subject . the tense is simple present (O + is/am/are + V3 + S).

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