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Definisi Penerjemahan
Seperti halnya ilmu-ilmu lain, di dalam bidang
penerjemahan ditemukan banyak definisi. Berbagai definisi tersebut mencerminkan
pandangan ahli yang membuat definsi tentang hakikat terjemahan dan proses
penerjemahan.
Definisi pertama berasal dari Catford. Ia menulis:
(Translation is) the replacement of textual material in
one language by equivalent textual material in another language (Catford,
1965:20).
Mungkin Anda sedikit bertanya-tanya karena di dalam
definisi tersebut tidak ditemukan konsep tentang makna. Sementara, secara
garis besar terjemahan tidak bisa dipisahkan dari persoalan makna atau
gagasan.
Ungkapan tentang hakikat penerjemahan yang menyentuh
konsep makna diungkapkan oleh Savory (1968):
Translation is made possible by an equivalent of
thought that lies behind its different verbal expressions.
Savory tidak lebih jauh lagi menyebut hal-hal yang
operasional atau terkait dengan proses.
Proses penerjemahan disajikan secara lebih jelas oleh
Nida dan Taber (1969). Mereka menyatakan:
Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor
language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first
in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
Dalam bukunya Translation: Applications and Research,
Brislin (1976) memberi batasan yang luas pada istilah penerjemahan. Bagi dia
penerjemahan adalah pengalihan buah pikiran atau gagasan dari satu bahasa ke
dalam bahasa lain.
Kedua bahasa ini bisa serumpun, seperti bahasa Sunda dan
Jawa, bisa dari lain rumpun, seperti bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia, atau
bahkan bahasa yang sama tetapi dipakai pada kurun waktu yang berbeda,
misalnya bahasa Jawa zaman Majapahit dan bahasa Jawa masa sekarang. Hanya
saying dalam definisi ini tidak tersirat proses penerjamahan dan kriteria
terjemahan yang baik.
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Definition of Translation
As well as other knowledges, in the field of translation found many definitions. Various
definitions reflect the views of experts who make the definition
of the essence and process of
translation.
The first definition is derived
from Catford. He writes:
(Translation is) the replacement of textual material in one language by
equivalent textual material in another language (Catford, 1965:20).
You're problably a little wondering because there is no importance concept
about meaning. While, an outline of translation cannot be separated from the matter of meaning and idea.
The essence of translation that
touches the concept of
meaning expressed by Savory (1968):
Translation is made possible by an equivalent of thought that lies
behind its different verbal expressions.
Savory does not further mention
things that are related to operational or process. The process of translation
is presented more clearly by Nida and Taber (1969). They state:
Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the
closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of
meaning and secondly in terms of style.
An expert Translation book:
Applications and Research, Brislin (1976) provides limits on the spacious terms of translation. For Brislin, translation is the transfer of thoughts or ideas from one language into another language.
Both of these can cognate
languages, such as Sundanese and Javanese, could be from another family
language, such as English and Indonesian, or even the same language, but used
at different times, for example, Java language in Javanese Majapahit
era and present. Yet unfortunately, in this definition does not imply the
translation process and criteria of good translation.
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14611411
4SA04
Presented on June 15th '15
